Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that makes breathing difficult during certain moments. The bronchi become hypersensitive and narrow when exposed to triggers such as dust, mold, smoke, infections, or physical exertion. Despite being chronic, asthma has effective treatment and can be very well controlled.
Most common symptoms
- Shortness of breath
- Wheezing
- Chest tightness
- Persistent cough, especially at night or upon waking
- Fatigue with exertion
How diagnosis is made
Diagnosis begins with a detailed clinical evaluation by the pulmonologist. The main test is spirometry — a pulmonary function test that measures how the lungs work and identifies airway obstruction. In some cases, additional complementary tests may be requested.
Treatment
Treatment primarily relies on inhaled medications with two purposes: controlling daily inflammation and relieving symptoms during episodes. Beyond medications, identifying and avoiding triggers is a fundamental part of disease control.
- Inhaled controller medications for daily use
- Rescue bronchodilators for acute episodes
- Identification and avoidance of triggering factors
- Regular follow-up with a pulmonologist
Why proper treatment matters
Without adequate treatment, asthma can cause more severe episodes, emergency visits, and reduced quality of life. With proper care, the vast majority of patients can keep the disease controlled, breathe well, and maintain an active routine — free from the limitations asthma can impose.